8/11/2023 0 Comments Transient epileptic amnesiaTheir criteria are as follows: (1) a history of recurrent witnessed episodes of transient amnesia, (2) cognitive functions other than memory judged to be intact during typical episodes by a reliable witness, and (3) evidence for a diagnosis of epilepsy based on one or more of the following: (a) epileptiform abnormalities on electroencephalography, (b) the concurrent onset of other clinical features of epilepsy (e.g., lip-smacking, olfactory hallucinations), and (c) a clear-cut response to anticonvulsant therapy. The work of Butler and Zeman has been of particular importance, as it collected 93 cases prior to November 2007, 54 of which met their diagnostic criteria. We performed a search of the medical literature of all case reports and series of transient amnesia with epileptic features until December 2013 using PubMed, ,, ,, ,,. Moreover, the hippocampal atrophy was correlated with accelerated long-term forgetting, whereas information initially learned and recalled correctly is forgotten at an accelerated rate over the following days and weeks. Imaging studies in TEA are usually unremarkable, but recent studies with automated and manual magnetic resonance volumetry revealed bilateral medial temporal lobe atrophy, mostly restricted to the hippocampus. We found only one report of an ictal EEG, showing diffuse fast low-amplitude activity in the temporal region, then recruiting rhythm spreading from one side to the other. Up to now, the reported EEG findings were mostly interictal and include uni- or bilateral temporal sharp waves (1/3 of cases), nonspecific focal slow waves (1/3), or normal EEG. Response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is often favorable. ![]() Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is defined as a temporal lobe epilepsy characterized by recurrent transient memory loss, lasting usually less than 1 h, frequently on waking and often accompanied with other temporal features such as olfactory hallucinations and oral automatisms,. The patient was treated with levetiracetam (500 mg twice daily) and has not presented any further episode of amnesia (2-month follow-up). A standard EEG performed 3 h after the episode showed a right temporal electrographic seizure with a recruiting pattern of about 25-second duration, immediately followed by a left temporal electrographic seizure of shorter duration (about 15 s) ( Fig. 1) the patient was not tested by the technician, but there were no obvious clinical symptoms. Autobiographical memory was excellent except for the acute episode. Three words immediate recall was 3/3, and delayed recall was 3/3 with a category cue. The episode lasted about 90 min, and when we examined the patient, he had recovered. The witness did not notice oral automatisms or altered consciousness. He kept repeating the same sentences (“Where am I? What's happening?”) and seemed lost with regard to time and place. His wife noticed that the patient suffered from anterograde amnesia as he was taking his breakfast. All rights reserved.A 79-year-old patient was referred to the emergency room for suspected TGA. The application of tasks such as that used here will further elucidate AM impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy. The results support recent work suggesting the self may be maintained in the absence of episodic memory. ![]() produced fewer episodic memories at times of self-formation, but this did not seem to impact on the maintenance of self. had no difficulty in producing a range of self-images (e.g., I am a husband) and collections of self-defining AMs in support of these statements. To examine this, we used a modification of a task used to assess the relationship between self and memory (the IAM task) in a single case, E.B. ![]() One of the functions of AM is to maintain the self, suggesting that the self may undergo changes as a result of memory loss in temporal lobe epilepsy. Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is characterized by deficits in autobiographical memory (AM).
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